African Union and OECD’s Nuclear Energy Agency Sign Deal to Advance Nuclear Power in Africa

The agreement between the African Union (AU) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) aims to strengthen regulatory frameworks, capacity building, and financing for the peaceful use of nuclear technology across the continent.

The African Union (AU) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have signed a memorandum of understanding to promote the peaceful application of nuclear science and technology for Africa’s socio-economic development. The agreement was concluded on the sidelines of the AU’s 39th Ordinary Summit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Cooperation Framework for Nuclear Energy and Energy Transition

The memorandum establishes a structured framework for cooperation in technical capacity building, regulatory strengthening, research and innovation, and the mobilization of technical and financial resources. The initiative supports Africa’s broader energy transition and industrialization agenda, as electricity demand rises across the continent.

Although Africa supplies between 15% and 18% of global uranium production, it contributes less than 1% to global nuclear electricity generation. The agreement seeks to address this imbalance by fostering domestic value addition, technology transfer, and the development of skilled human capital within African countries.

Duration and Strategic Scope

The partnership will initially run for three years, with the possibility of renewal following review. The cooperation is expected to focus on strengthening safety standards, regulatory frameworks, and institutional capacity necessary for responsible nuclear development.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa remains the only country with an operational nuclear power program, where nuclear energy accounts for approximately 5% of national electricity generation. Its experience provides a regional reference point for countries considering nuclear energy integration.

Countries Advancing Nuclear Plans

Around twenty African nations are exploring or advancing civilian nuclear energy programs. Egypt is constructing its first nuclear power plant with a planned capacity of 4.8 GW, while Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Morocco, and Nigeria have outlined concrete plans or are in preparatory stages.